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Sprint projectNov 23, 2025India

Honeypots, Sparse Autoencoders, and Adversarial Probes: A Practical Toolkit for Evaluating Safety Monitors in Reasoning Models

Subramanyam Sahoo · Team One Man Army

Submitted to Defensive Acceleration Hackathon. Sprint projects are early-stage work by participants, not Apart Research publications.

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Report: Honeypots, Sparse Autoencoders, and Adversarial Probes: A Practical Toolkit for Evaluating Safety Monitors in Reasoning Models

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SentinelGym is a unified defensive AI system that combines honeypot-based vulnerability injection, GRPO safety finetuning, sparse-autoencoder mechanistic interpretability, and adversarial probe evaluation to test and harden code-generating language models against AI-enabled cyber threats. By injecting synthetic vulnerabilities, auditing internal representations through SAEs, and stress-testing linear probes with adversarial red-team strategies, SentinelGym exposes both behavioral and mechanistic failure modes—such as collusion, unsafe reasoning, and probe brittleness—that traditional evaluations miss. The result is a practical, reproducible framework that strengthens the defensive “shield,” enables early detection of harmful internal model behaviors, and demonstrates measurable improvement in secure coding patterns after finetuning, directly advancing the core goals of defensive acceleration.

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Does this reduce AI-related catastrophic or existential risks?

Scoring guide
  1. 1Minimal Impact. The project has minimal relevance to AI safety. It doesn't meaningfully address risks uniquely enabled or accelerated by advanced AI systems.
  2. 2Tangential Connection. The project touches on AI safety concepts but lacks depth or specificity. The connection to AI-enabled threats (bio, cyber, or AI misuse) is weak or unclear.
  3. 3Clear AI Safety Value. The project clearly reduces AI-related risks with valuable contributions. It addresses specific threats from AI systems and engages meaningfully with biosecurity, cybersecurity, or AI safety challenges.
  4. 4Significant Impact Potential. The above, plus the project demonstrates scalable safety mechanisms or defensive approaches. It shows clear potential to buy time for solving harder problems like alignment, or creates positive externalities for the broader AI safety ecosystem.
  5. 5Major Advancement. The above, plus the project represents a significant leap forward in defensive AI safety. Judges would eagerly share this with biosecurity, cybersecurity, or AI safety researchers and expect it to influence the field.

Does this strengthen the shield against AI-enabled threats?

Scoring guide
  1. 1Minimal Relevance. The project is only tangentially related to defensive technology or societal protection. Connection to biosecurity, cybersecurity, or defensive infrastructure is unclear or missing.
  2. 2Some Relevance. The project has some relevance to defensive acceleration, but the connection is broad or generic. It touches on defense without specific focus on AI-enabled threats or protective capabilities.
  3. 3Clear Relevance. The project clearly addresses defensive gaps against AI-enabled threats. It connects to at least one track (biosecurity, cybersecurity, or defense infrastructure) and demonstrates understanding of the threat landscape.
  4. 4Strong Contribution. The above, plus the project builds on existing defensive approaches and offers novel tools, frameworks, or implementations. It explicitly explains how it strengthens defensive capabilities with realistic deployment potential.
  5. 5Breakthrough Impact. The above, plus the project provides breakthrough insights or tools that could significantly influence defensive technology development. It identifies critical gaps and presents compelling solutions with clear paths from prototype to deployed system.

Did you build something that actually works?

Scoring guide
  1. 1Incomplete or Flawed. The project appears rushed or incomplete. Technical implementation is flawed, core functionality doesn't work, or the approach is fundamentally unsound. Little to no documentation.
  2. 2Basic Competence. The project shows reasonable effort with basic technical competence. Core functionality partially works. Documentation exists but may be incomplete. Some limitations are acknowledged.
  3. 3Solid Hackathon Project. The project is technically solid and well-scoped for 48 hours. Core functionality works and is documented. Code/methods are understandable and limitations are honestly addressed. This is what a good weekend prototype should look like.
  4. 4Impressive Implementation. The above, plus the implementation exceeds typical hackathon quality. Clear methodology, thorough documentation, and working demo. The tool/prototype is immediately useful for defenders and could realistically be built upon.
  5. 5Exceptional Execution. The project far exceeds expectations with exceptional technical execution. The implementation is elegant, fully functional, and includes something special (e.g., deployed demo, exceptional documentation, innovative architecture, or clear startup potential).

  1. This is a highly ambitious hackathon project attempting to combine several directions. Thank you for your hard work - you got a lot done in a short space of time.

    I think this could be improved in three main ways:

    1. Greater focus on integration of the different methods. The methods were not fully integrated in the code and there weren't results on what the methods add *in combination*. The ambition was to combine the methods, because each was insufficient, but you weren't able to show that the combined approach performed well (despite several interesting results from individual methods).

    2. Clearer prioritisation of results and explanation of limitations. The paper was challenging to read as there were so many results and sometimes not a lot of information about experimental setup. In some cases, significant limitations weren't explained in detail, e.g. that GRPO training did not same to reduce training loss. The Discussion at the bottom of the paper was hard to follow as it focused on individual results rather than the overall promisingness of combining the approaches / it was hard to know exactly what to take away from this work.

    3. Focus on fewer elements based on what works. To enable (1) and (2), I would focus on a smaller number of techniques.

    The central idea of integrating different safety tools seems promising, but is not especially novel. What would be great to see is results based on a (more limited) combination of these techniques, perhaps with measurements of the individual contribution of each technique to the overall improvements when all the techniques are implemented together.

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  2. Team really seemed to capture the spirit of this hackathon. SentinelGym shows potential, but may be spreading itself too thin. For a low-stakes hackathon just trying to introduce participants to the idea of developing with code-model defense in mind, the team put together a great prototype / demo.

    I worry that a “professional” version of this toolkit might fall short in certain areas and give developers a false sense of security. Instead of independently developing every defense component, SentinelGym could focus on integrating the most mature existing tools and directing effort toward strengthening a smaller set of high-value defenses. This would reduce maintenance burden and produce a clearer, more reliable toolkit that developers can confidently rely on.

    It may also help to clarify the primary intended users and deployment environments so future work can prioritize evaluation that reflects real defensive needs. I'd like to see more explicitly outlined connection to specific threats. Establishing clearer success metrics would help ensure that the toolkit improves outcomes rather than just increasing system complexity.

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Cite this project

@misc{sahoo2025honeypots,
  title = {{Honeypots, Sparse Autoencoders, and Adversarial Probes: A Practical Toolkit for Evaluating Safety Monitors in Reasoning Models}},
  author = {Subramanyam Sahoo},
  year = {2025},
  month = nov,
  note = {Submitted to Defensive Acceleration Hackathon, an Apart Research Sprint},
  howpublished = {\url{https://apartresearch.com/sprints/projects/honeypots-sparse-autoencoders-and-adversarial-probes-a-practical-toolkit-for-evaluating-safety-monitors-in-reasoning-models-lvia}},
  url = {https://apartresearch.com/sprints/projects/honeypots-sparse-autoencoders-and-adversarial-probes-a-practical-toolkit-for-evaluating-safety-monitors-in-reasoning-models-lvia}
}

Build something like this at the next Sprint

AI Collusion Research Sprint · Oct 23 - 25, 2026