Who Sits First: Seat Position Fools Interventional Collusion Audits of LLM Sellers
Sankalp Gilda · Team Probity
Submitted to AI Collusion Research Sprint. Sprint projects are early-stage work by participants, not Apart Research publications.
We audit stateless language-model sellers for coordination in the organisers' three-seller logit-demand market. We edit a rival's past prices; the KL divergence between the seller's next-price distributions before and after the edit is the rival's raw influence. Ground truth is a planted pair told to collude; we score it against the other pairs by AUROC (0.5 is chance) on eight open-weight models. With the pair in seats (0,1), where each seller lists its partner first, raw influence reaches AUROC 0.98 to 1.00 for seven models, and a 95th-percentile threshold on unplanted games detects 41 to 100 percent of planted games. With the pair in seats (1,2) it falls to 0.17 for Falcon3, 0.53 for Gemma-2 and 0.69 for Gemma-4. A score that cancels each seller's general responsiveness reverses with the seating in Falcon3, Gemma-2 and Llama, so it reads list position. Netting subtracts a scripted best responder's influence; it raises the two-seat average AUROC in three of seven models, by 0.03 to 0.34. The best responder's own score, which needs no query, reaches 0.83 to 0.99 in six models, and netting scores the unplanted pair (0,2) below chance in six of eight. A third seller told to best respond lowers raw influence to 0.21 for Llama and 0.27 for Mistral; with no planted pair, raw influence flags pairs with that seller at 0.92 and 0.88.
Reviews
No public critique yet.
Cite this project
@misc{gilda2026who,
title = {{Who Sits First: Seat Position Fools Interventional Collusion Audits of LLM Sellers}},
author = {Sankalp Gilda},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
note = {Submitted to AI Collusion Research Sprint, an Apart Research Sprint},
howpublished = {\url{https://apartresearch.com/sprints/projects/who-sits-first-seat-position-fools-interventional-collusion-audits-of-llm-sellers-0q9z}},
url = {https://apartresearch.com/sprints/projects/who-sits-first-seat-position-fools-interventional-collusion-audits-of-llm-sellers-0q9z}
}More from AI Collusion Research Sprint
- View project: Collusion, Competion and Collapse
Collusion, Competion and Collapse
Atelier Alex Cline
Do AI traders collude when nobody tells them to? We built agora, a six-market benchmark with exact competitive and collusive benchmarks, and ran seven open-weight 2-4B models in 590 completed games under five …
- View project: Making AI Guardrails Understandable and Testable: A Framework Illustrated by a Simulated Bond Market
Making AI Guardrails Understandable and Testable: A Framework Illustrated by a Simulated Bond Market
Rogue Agents in Jail 🕵️🕵️♀️👮♂️
In order to advance AI safety research into shaping public policy, the development of technical controls needs to have a clear purpose, evidence, and limitations that are understandable for the people responsible for …
- View project: Extending Information-Theoretic Collusion Detection to Large Language Model Agents
Extending Information-Theoretic Collusion Detection to Large Language Model Agents
Gamma Ray
We test whether the information-theoretic collusion detector of Bonjour et al, validated on scripted agents, works on LLM agents. Gemma, Mistral and Qwen played 1000 rounds of three-player Rock-Paper-Scissors in three …